chapter 22: the end of empire

6) What was the role of Gandhi in India’s struggle for independence?

Gandhi rose withing the leadership of the INC and got a wide support from Indians like peasants, urban poor, intellectuals, artisans, capitalists and socialists, and Hindus and Muslims. He transformed the INC into this mass organization producing miracles at huge events. He sought a peaceful and unified society throughout villages through ancient Indian principles of duty and morality. One of the coolest things about Gandhi, in my opinion, is the fact that he embraced efforts for women to not be regarded as a man's slave. He embraced women empowerment to the extent where he believed that brings more than just kitchen duties. His power was for women to see their dignity and worth. Many Indian women got out of their houses and joined the struggle for independence. Fighting against the sexism in India was to better the society and the development of the economy.

9) Why do you think Abdul Khan is generally unknown? Where does he fit in the larger history of the twentieth century?

I would believe he isn't as unknown as one may perceive, but it could be because he was a follower of Gandhi's movement. He is a well-respected figure in Pakistan and India, but not as much in the Western part of the world. He can be described as a Muslim-Indian freedom fighter who fought against the British Empire for independence. He was a pacifist and had a nonviolent opposition. He established the Servant of God movements where it was committed to nonviolence, social reform, unity of the Pathan people, and the independence of India. It then became affiliated with Gandhi's movement, the INC, where they were the most powerful political force in the region. He was repeatedly imprisoned in Pakistan and British due to Pakistani military thinking he was a communist.

15) What obstacles impeded the economic development of third-world countries?

Some obstacles started with the division of class, religion, ethnicity, and gender throughout all the population. Third world countries were dominated by powerful capitalist economies of the West. For a modern development to occur, there would need to be low rates of literacy, more people with managerial experience, a strong private economy, and mixing people who are usually segregated. Most developing countries had little leverage in negotiations with wealthy nations of the global north.